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2020年4月27日

人物篇:畢詩禮Michael Beazeley


畢詩禮Michael Beazeley(*1)
1833-1918

英國人,英國土木工程學會會員(Member Inst. C. E.)。
曾參與英國South Eastern Railway和印度Central Indian Railway鐵路建造工程,隨後依序任職於英國Wolf Rock Lighthouse和Longships Lighthouse駐地工程師(*2),1875-01進入清海關擔任工程師(Assistant Engineer),實際參與至少包含漁翁島燈塔、北椗島燈塔、鵝鑾鼻燈塔工作,1884-07離開海關。

Note:
*1 每一位清海關洋人皆有漢名,可查官方年刊【Service List】。Michael Beazeley漢名為畢詩禮,登錄1875-01任職Assistant Engineer,1884-07離職。關於職稱,自【Service List(1881)】起,Engineer-in-Chief中文職稱為總營造司和Assistant Engineer中文職稱為營造司,之前不論Engineer-in-Chief或Assistant Engineer,皆稱營造司。
*2 轉譯自Grace's Guide: Michael Beazeley

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漁翁島燈塔

抄錄【澎湖廳志】:同治十二年八月,通判劉邦憲接台灣府移知本年通商總局札開:『八月初三日准福州洋稅關吉稅司函稱:本關奉文建造烏丘嶼、北椗、西嶼三處望樓,由局給札,即派委員乘飛虎輪船順往會同履勘,擇定基址,建造望樓。即先期曉諭鄉民,毋得阻撓生事』。十三年二月委員陳錫會同文武履勘,議就原塔拆卸建造,始有標准。界外須添建房屋,以資棲止。左邊購買許心等泥園一段,價銀一百五十元。當即丈量,從前面南丈至後面北界,計二百尺;又從左面東丈至右面西界,計一百五十四尺。以英尺為准。餘地准民耕種,立契付卷。監工人員韓達紳。新立閩海關四至界石。光緒元年五月,提督銜台灣稅務司薄照會澎湖廳:以燈樓器椇,現由淩風關船運儎前來。七月,旗後幫辦稅司紀點理、洋人必司理、加理司,乘淩風輪船到澎。十一日動工。於舊塔之左,起造新塔,用長方鐵片,鑲嵌成圍,層層加高。其舊塔房屋,毀拆改建洋樓。十一月,稅務司照會稱:西嶼所建燈塔,已派人於十八日常住點燈,以利昏夜舟行。

按【Notes of an Overland Journey through the southern part of Formosa, from Takow to the South Cape, in 1875, with an Introductory Sketch of the Island(1885)】(*4) ,內文記錄自1875-06-18至1875-06-28完成鵝鑾鼻燈塔購地行程,並且,畢詩禮自述曾在澎湖觀察台灣山脈高峰連續數月。

漁翁島燈塔建設期自清光緒元年七月十一日(1875-08-11)動工至十一月十八日(1875-12-15)點燈(*5),畢詩禮在建設時已抵達,也曾是英國Wolf Rock Lighthouse和Longships Lighthouse駐地工程師,又自述曾在澎湖觀察台灣山脈高峰連續數月,則畢詩禮為建設漁翁島燈塔駐地工程師,當為合理推論。

Note:
*3 海關洋人依序為時任閩海關稅務司吉羅福Geo B. Glover、營造司韓得善David Marr Henderson(上海)、台灣關稅務司薄郎H. O. Brown、台灣關幫辦(Third Assistant B)紀默理E. H. Grimani、營造司畢詩禮Michael Beazeley,加理司疑為值事人S. W. Davies(1875-01加入海關,1875-12離職,海關登錄漢名德為司)。
*4 原文取自皇家地理學會月刊【Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography Vol. 7, No. 1 (Jan., 1885)】。此文章顯示畢詩禮為英國土木工程學會會員(Member Inst. C. E.)
*5 關於漁翁島燈塔初點燈日之疑,按【1875-12-30海江警船示第53號】漢英二版,初點燈日為清光緒元年11月23日(1875-12-20)點燈。

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北椗島燈塔
Ps. 貼圖為塔友Shih-Hung Chiang提供。

按【新關文件錄(1885)】No.60 Despatch: the Superintendent to the Commissioner of Customs at Amoy. Regarding steps to be taken in connexion with the building of a new Lighthouse on Dodd Island,清光緒七年三月十四日(1881-04-12)福建分巡興泉永海防兵備道覆廈門關稅務司吳得祿F. E. Woodruff,「貴稅務司照會建造塔燈,本年擬在北椗興工,不日會同副營造司畢詩禮(*6)前往原勘地方,酌定起卸物料處所,並勘度地勢,先行派遣工人填築地基,…」。

按【中國海關密檔】No.1131
金登幹James Duncan Campbell給予總稅務司赫德信件,「…,現送上張氏兄弟公司關於他們的貨物運到時損壞情況的解釋,…,我想最好是把整個公文連同畢詩禮的報告及韓得善對畢詩禮報告的備忘錄一起交給張氏公司,…」,原書註解北椗島燈塔。

就有限的二筆資料,是否就能說明畢詩禮是建造北椗島燈塔駐地工程師?
1. 畢詩禮已是建造燈塔駐地工程師,無懸念。
2. 時間點上,同時期海關營造司為韓得善、畢詩禮、哈爾定John Reginald Harding共三位,而韓得善辦公室位於上海、畢詩禮辦公室位於廈門、哈爾定是建造鵝鑾鼻燈塔駐地工程師(*7)
綜合上述,畢詩禮是建造北椗島燈塔駐地工程師,已屬合理推論

Note:
*6 原文稱副營造司,實際上,自【Service List(1881)】起,Engineer-in-Chief中文職稱為總營造司和Assistant Engineer中文職稱為營造司,之前不論Engineer-in-Chief或Assistant Engineer,皆稱營造司,中文職稱無副營造司。清海關為洋人主導,漢英轉譯落差,當朝錯亂,各自表述是為正常。最明顯的例子莫過於英名Takow Dist.配對漢名台灣關。另外,South Cape Lighthouse直譯為南岬燈塔、海圖Nan-sha直譯為南沙,而海關官方名稱為火燒嶼,當然是要問蒼天。
*7 詳【巡台退思錄】,不另贅述。
*8 按【The Chinese Lighthouse Service(1901)】原文取自1901 International Engineering Congress1901國際工程大會文獻北椗島燈塔塔體磚造雙層結構「The tower, which is 50 feet high to the gallery, is a handsome brick structure with granite lintels, sills, gallery, and stringer courses, and is constructed with double walls having an annular ventilating space between them」是為建築特色特予紀錄

Remark:
1. 2020/04/27貼於Google Blogger。
2. 2020/05/29校正
3. 2020/08/01校正
4. 2020/08/17校正
5. 2020/09/06校正
6. 2021/01/25校正
7. 2021/02/03更新
8. 2022/05/01校正。
9. 2022/05/02新增有關「加理司」解讀意見。
10. 2022/05/03校正。

2020年4月4日

海關1878~1895燈塔守名單(三)


前篇:海關1878~1895燈塔守名單(二)

【Service List】職銜英漢對照補充對照
Chief Lightkeeper:A頭等值事人上班
Chief Lightkeeper:B頭等值事人下班
Second Lightkeeper:A二等值事人上班
Second Lightkeeper:B二等值事人下班
Third Lightkeeper:A三等值事人上班
Third Lightkeeper:B三等值事人下班
Third Lightkeeper:B(on Probation)三等值事人下班(試用)
Fourth Lightskeeper :A四等值事人上班
Fourth Lightskeeper :A(on Probation)四等值事人上班(試用)
Fourth Lightskeeper :B四等值事人中班
Fourth Lightskeeper :B(on Probation)四等值事人中班(試用)
Fourth Lightskeeper :C四等值事人下班
Probationary Lightkeeper值事人(試用)
Native Assistant Lightkeepers本地值事人
Gunner礮手首領
Gunner (on probation)礮手首領(試用)
【Service List】職銜英漢對照補充對照

為前後對照查找所得,原【Service List】未紀錄。
原【Service List】有紀錄漢人英文名,在此僅記錄漢名。

YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality
1878Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, BG. Taylor太羅British
1878Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, AJ. Deas狄士British
1878Fisher IslandProbationary LightkeeperA. Robarts羅博Portuguese
1878Fisher IslandProbationary LightkeeperJ. Chapman查柏門American
1878Fisher Islandx Native Assistant Lightkeepers
1880Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AG. Taylor太羅British
1880Fisher IslandProbationary LightkeeperJ. Chapman查柏門American
1880Fisher IslandProbationary LightkeeperR. A. y Santa Anna三達那Spanish
1880Fisher IslandProbationary LightkeeperJ. S. de Eliyagas阿理薩格Spanish
1880Fisher Islandx Native Assistant Lightkeepers
1881Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AG. Taylor太羅British
1881Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BJ. S. de Eliyagas阿理薩格Spanish
1881Fisher Island2 Native Assistant Lightkeepers
1883Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, BP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1883Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, BA. M. dos Santos辛多士British
1883Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1883Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許光追
1884Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, BP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1884Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, BA. M. dos Santos辛多士British
1884Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1884Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許光追
1885Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1885Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1885Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許頭
1886Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1886Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BL. H. C. Klyhn葛倫German
1886Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1886Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許頭
1887Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1887Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BH. H. Holst皓施德American
1887Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1887Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳阿賤
1888Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AP. J. J. Stellingwerff司齡發Dutch
1888Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BH. H. Holst皓施德American
1888Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1888Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳阿賤
1889Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BE. E. Ferrari法來利Austrian
1889Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BA. M. dos Santos辛多士British
1889Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳日
1889Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳阿賤
1890Fisher IslandChief Lightkeeper, BC. May美查士British
1890Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BT. O'Driscoll俄悌師British
1890Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C陳阿賤
1890Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許阿追
1893Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, AJ. Shields蓆樂British
1893Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BH. J. Jacobsen雅格森Norwegian
1893Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許阿追
1893Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許阿朱
1894Fisher Island2nd Lightkeeper, BE. E. Ferrari法來利Austrian
1894Fisher Island3rd Lightkeeper, BN. Bernstein巴爾典Russian
1894Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許阿追
1894Fisher Island4th Lightkeeper, C許阿朱
YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality

YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality
1883Anping4th Lightkeeper, C吳大陣
1884Anping4th Lightkeeper, C吳大陣
1885Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C蔡恩
1886Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1887Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1888Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1889Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1890Fort Zelandia4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1893Anping4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1894Anping4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
1895Anping4th Lightkeeper, C盧清泉
YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality

YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality
1885Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李旦
1886Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李孕
1887Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李孕
1888Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李孕
1889Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李養
1890Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C李養
1893Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C王水陶
1894Saracen Head4th Lightkeeper, C郭標
YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality

YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality
1889Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C黃有來
1889Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C潘老登
1889Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C林桶
1889Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C郭茅生
1890Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C黃有來
1890Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C潘老登
1890Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C林桶
1890Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C郭茅生
1893Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C黃有來
1893Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C潘老登
1893Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C林桶
1893Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C郭茅生
1894Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C黃有來
1894Tamsui, High Bar4th Lightkeeper, C潘老登
1894Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C林桶
1894Tamsui, Low Bar4th Lightkeeper, C郭茅生
YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality

YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality
1883South CapeChief Lightkeeper, BG. Taylor太羅British
1883South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, B (on probation)A. N. Sandberg散博Norwegian
1883South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1883South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C李得
1884South CapeChief Lightkeeper, BG. Taylor太羅British
1884South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, B (on probation)A. N. Sandberg散博Norwegian
1884South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1884South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C李得
1885South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AG. Taylor太羅British
1885South Cape4th Lightkeeper, BA. M. dos Santos辛多士British
1885South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1885South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C李得
1886South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AG. Taylor太羅British
1886South Cape4th Lightkeeper, BA. M. dos Santos辛多士British
1886South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1886South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C李得
1887South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AG. Taylor太羅British
1887South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, BL. H. C. Klyhn葛倫German
1887South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1887South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1888South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AJ. Noble淖佈British
1888South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, B (on probation)W. Roberts羅博思British
1888South CapeGunnerG. T. Hansel韓斯利German
1888South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1888South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1889South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AJ. Noble淖佈British
1889South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, BH. A. Atkinson何金遜British
1889South CapeGunnerG. T. Hansel韓斯利German
1889South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1889South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1890South CapeChief Lightkeeper, BG. T. Hansel韓斯利German
1890South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, AH. A. Atkinson何金遜British
1890South CapeGunner (on probation)C. A. F. Lundquist論貴士Swedish
1890South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1890South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1893South CapeChief Lightkeeper, BC. May美查士British
1893South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, AJ. C. H. Schmiiser許務實German
1893South CapeGunnerJ. Ratcliffe賴格斐British
1893South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1893South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1894South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AP. F. S. Wilnan飛里腦Danish
1894South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, BJ. C. Bruhn伯倫German
1894South CapeGunnerJ. Ratcliffe賴格斐British
1894South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1894South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
1895South CapeChief Lightkeeper, AP. F. S. Wilnan飛里腦Danish
1895South Cape3rd Lightkeeper, BJ. C. Bruhn伯倫German
1895South CapeGunner (on probation)R. C. Radomski達通智American
1895South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C陳義
1895South Cape4th Lightkeeper, C郭忠
YearLighthouseLightkeeper's RankName漢名Nationality

補充說明:
6. 因乙未割台,導致燈塔守名單在1895有短缺,正如【Service List(1895)】註記「Staff not yet withdrawn」。事實上,燈塔守是否已撤離,由【遞信志航路標識篇(1928)】可得知。
7. 駐守燈塔的人員是否僅僅如名單內容所示?按【The Chinese Lighthouse Service(1901)】,「All the more important coast-lights have to be in charge of foreign lightkeepers; while the small lights are looked after by native keepers who have received long training at the hands of foreigners. The larger stations have two, sometimes three, foreign keepers; and the usual minimum staff for the first-order lighthouse on the coast is two foreign keepers, two native keepers, and two coolies.」,顯然地,除正職人員以外,尚有未登錄的傭員「苦力」。
8. 以上燈塔守名單中,G. Taylor全名George Taylor、漢名「太羅」,坊間書籍直譯「喬治泰勒」。其依在台工作閒暇之便,親身經歷南台後山原住民族區域,其多篇文章記錄,幾乎就是南台灣原住民族學的顯學。比較令人好奇的是,當時沒有車輛,安步當車或搭轎,怎能多次多日長途旅行?按【The Chinese Lighthouse Service(1901)】,「Foreign keepers receive a bonus of one year's pay after ten years' service, and are granted one year's leave on half-pay during the same period. They are also allowed one month's leave in the year. Native keepers receive a bonus of one month's pay every year after three years' service, and are allowed a month's leave in every twelve months.」,如此也就解釋的清楚明白了。

Remark:
1. 2020/4/5貼於Google Blogger。
2. 2020/5/24更新補充說明。