廠驗鵝鑾鼻燈塔的檢查報告（二）

英國土木工程師學會（Institution of Civil Engineers / ICE）典藏一批「韓得善檔案」，包含二份韓得善到英國廠驗鵝鑾鼻燈塔的檢查報告，在此僅為轉錄，此為其二。

 

South Cape of Formosa Light and Lantern

Inspection Report, 2nd December 1882.

1. Light

Quality of Glass

Some of the lenses and prisms are very stringy, and air bubbles and seeds are to be met with. There are very few chipped edges. One large chipped edge was observed but the defective prism is to be replaced. Some prisms were too short, and I pointed out prisms Nos 14 & 17 in upper panel 1-2 that did not at one edge. Enter the provided for their support. All short prisms are to be replaced.

Setting of Glass

The whole of the lower prisms have through an error, been set to a wrong focus, and they are being reset. I examined each prism of the panel 1-2 of upper prisms and found the setting satisfactory. The lens panel 1–2 was examined in detail by Dr. Hopkinson and myself and our readings of the positions of the various foci agree. As the flame is large this panel will give a good light but it is far from perfect, and with the present lens rings, it cannot be improved. The edges of some of the prisms bore upon or were too close to the metal racks; the jars of transport are almost certain to chip the corners of such prisms. Dr. Hopkinson is to thoroughly re-examine the light next week and see that short prisms are replaced and that glass is not bearing direct on brass. Mr. Kennard remarked that the light was a fair specimen of their manufacture.

Foci

The Focal Plane is 3.9 (inches) above the horizontal lens centre. The top of the Douglass burner is 32 (inches) below the focal plane, and cross strings indicate this position. The focus for the lenses is where the vertical axis of light intersects the Focal Plane. The focus for the upper prisms is in the Focal Plane and 25 in. behind the vertical axis. The focus for the lower prisms, when reset, will be 20 (inches) below the Focal Plane and 70 (inches) in front of the vertical axis.

Lamps

None of the lamps or burners were ready. It will take about a fortnight to finish the fountain lamps. It was explained that Sir James Douglass has not yet definitely settled the pattern of his burner and that till he has done this the burners cannot be put in hand. I suggested that two ordinary Spirit House pattern burners be made at once to go with the Light in order that there may be no delay in its exhibition. The Douglass burners with the necessary chimneys can follow as soon as they are ready. The top of the Spirit House burner should be placed 19 (inches) below Focal Plane, and the top of the burner tips 30 (inches) below Focal Plane, or 1 (inches) higher than the level of the adjusting strings.

Dioptric Mirror

The centre of the mirror has been placed 23 (inches) above the Focal Plane. The Messrs. Chance tendered for and supplied their ordinary mirror with 10 totally reflecting prisms. I specified for a mirror with 11 prisms because I wished to avoid glass touching glass as occurs in the centre of the mirror supplied. The French Lighthouse Engineers and Manufacturers agree with me on this point. I am aware that the Messrs. Chance have saved themselves trouble and expense by supplying their pattern mirrors. We have in China the pattern of mirror specified for and I did not want a second one introduced unless it were an improvement.

Armature

The inclined strap at the back of mirror had not been supplied but they were to be put in hand.

Pedestal

The pedestal was satisfactory and the holding-down bolts for it are in hand.

2. Lantern

Quality

The quality of the materials and workmanship was generally good and I specially pointed out the importance of having the screws long enough and large enough for their respective holes. One roof plate had a scab on its upper surface which was to be held down by a couple of rivets. I did not reject the plate as long as doing considerable delay would have resulted.

Astragal Bolts

Ordinary bolts and nuts were supplied to secure the astragals to the standards, but I arranged that screws with countersunk heads are to be supplied as thereby light is saved and the correction looks neater.

Exterior ladder

I had this ladder placed so as to occupy the least possible room and not interfere with the working of the Gatling guns.

Downpipe

I had the position of this pipe slightly altered at the bottom of lantern glazing so as not to obstruct light.

Glazing

Intended only three sizes of panes to be used, but, through an error, larger panes are required at each side of the dark arc. There will now be six different sizes of panes. Nine spare panes of the ordinary sizes are provided, and three spare panes of the special sizes near dark arc.

Cowl

To render the cleaning of cowl easier I have had a second hand-hole made in it and another step bolted to roof of lantern.

3. Stores

50 glass chimneys are to be supplied for the Trinity House Burners and 100 are to be supplied for the Douglass burners. Lamps with duplex wicks and glass reservoirs were provided for the keepers' rooms. I pointed out that the reservoirs must be of brass as glass ones were so easily broken. A single wick lamp is sufficient. The tine for the whitening and rouge were in hand. As two patterns of burners are to be supplied four drawings of flames are required, one of each kind to be sent with the Light and one of each kind to be sent to the Engineer's Office Shanghai. The bidons and stands supplied were not of good design so I explained what was wanted. The standard barometers had not been tested as there was some difficulty about getting this done.

Time of Completion

The whole was to be packed and ready for delivery within three weeks from the date of my first inspection on the 24th November. I finished the inspection on the 27th November, and on this date a portion of the lantern had been taken down and painted.

Charing Cross Hotel,

London, 1st December 1882.

David M. Henderson,

Engineer-in-Chief.

N.B. Handed in sketch of Chance's mirror and the one I specified for with explanation. No copies kept.

D.M.H.

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Remark：

1. 2026/06/29初稿貼於Google Blogger。

2. 

廠驗鵝鑾鼻燈塔的檢查報告（一）

英國土木工程師學會（Institution of Civil Engineers / ICE）典藏一批「韓得善檔案」，包含二份韓得善到英國廠驗鵝鑾鼻燈塔的檢查報告，在此僅為轉錄，此為其一。

 

South Cape of Formosa Lighthouse

Inspection Report, 19th October 1882.

1. Refuge

Quality

The materials and workmanship are satisfactory.

Size

The specified dimensions have been adhered to.

Stove pipe

A short additional length of copper stove pipe is to be supplied. No extra charge for this.

Gallery stove

I suggested that a few saucepans and a hot water kettle to fit the apertures in top of stove be supplied.

Rifles

Fifteen Martini-Henry rifles have been provided and will do. On the Specification Remington rifles are mentioned. If I remember correctly, I proposed a Magazine Rifle and since then I sent a few Hotchkiss Magazine Rifles with sabres to the South Cape. Would it not be well to supply Hotchkiss in place of Martini-Henry rifles for this station? Suitable ammunition for both Hotchkiss & Remington Rifles can be procured in China. The rifles in use at the South Cape were made by the Winchester Repeating Arms Co., New Haven, Conn., U.S.A.

Revolvers

Fifteen revolvers of the old Adams pattern, which is not self-extracting. Have been supplied I would strongly recommend that a self-extracting revolver be substituted for these. A suitable one is known as Bland's self-extracting Royal Irish Constabulary Revolver; it is made in 3 sizes, but the 450 one is required. Messrs. Thomas Bland & Sons of 106 Strand, London, and 41 Whittal St., Birmingham advertise these revolvers at 2½ guineas each. Messrs. Sir W Armstrong & Co were to look into this matter and Hay will probably make the change.

Hatchets

These are under provision. I recommended the American pattern. 8 to be of the large size and 7 of the small.

Time of Completion

In less than three weeks the carriages for the Gatlngs and a few small things not completed will be finished. In general the refuge itself may be considered complete with all erecting tools, rivets, bolts, etc.

2. Tower

Quality

The materials and workmanship are satisfactory.

Size

The specified dimensions have been adhered to except in the case of the outer gallery at the top of tower which has been enlarged to enable the gatling to be freely worked, and have ample room for a passage round the lantern. I approve of the arrangement, but as the race plate to carry the gatling could obstruct a little light from the lowest prism I arranged for a distance piece of the necessary height to be placed under the Lantern and Light pedestal.

Holding-down Bolts

I was informed that these and a tracing showing their positions had been forwarded as specified for.

Cement

No own cement is now required as the whole width of the flanges has been planed.

Time of Completion

In three weeks from the 17th instant, the day of my inspection the whole will be completed. The lower half of tower is practically completed. The materials for the upper half are all provided and more than half of the workmanship on them is completed. What remains to be done is chiefly on the upper floor, balustrade and stairs.

Template

I wrote to the Messrs. Chance on the 18th instant informing them that Messrs. Sir W Armstrong & Co were ready for the template showing the positions of the bolt holes in the base of the lantern and Light-pedestal.

David Marr Henderson,

Engineer-in-Chief.

Gattaway, Abernethy,

Newburgh, Fife,

19th October 1882.

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Remark：

1. 2026/06/28初稿貼於Google Blogger。

2. 2026/06/29校正。

白沙岬燈塔補遺

有關「清海關沿海燈標整體計畫」：

1. 總稅務司赫德1867-01-31備忘錄，筆者稱為「海關總稅務司赫德1867燈標備忘錄」，存在於【美國1867-‘68外交檔案】，也出現在總稅務司通令1870-12-31 CIRCULAR No. 25 of 1870。

2. 總稅務司赫德通令1868-06-22 CIRCULAR No. 20 of 1868，筆者稱為「海關總稅務司赫德1868燈標計畫」。

3. 以上二者結合，實為「清海關沿海燈標整體計畫」。此可由總稅務司赫德通令No. 420, 1888-05-21, Enclosure No. 3, Lights: 1888，取得確認。

由於清海關文件以英文書寫為主體，在解讀「清海關沿海燈標整體計畫」時，英中地名轉換是最大的困擾。最困難的是「Formosa, N. W. point」，一直只能揣測。

通商口岸淡水位於台灣西北岸，且不在1867燈標備忘錄內，淡水列為第一直覺目標地。導因於「Formosa」的區域解讀，大可指台灣，小可指安平，巧的是安平北西大樹是航海人日標，且安平通商口岸不在1867燈標備忘錄內。直到筆者嘗試閱讀航海書籍，HathiTrust數位圖書館，「PAKSA POINT, an elevated sand hill which stands at the extremity of this the north west point of Formosa」。

日治初期，1896年（日明治29年）航路標識管理所委託選址白沙岬為新設燈塔地（執行單位為總督府民政局通信課），原址因暴風雨至地形變動，選址變更至現行地。

Ps. 白沙岬的「岬」是日文漢字。【海道圖說】將Paksa point譯為白沙角。

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Remark：

1. 2026/05/17初稿貼於Google Blogger。

2. 

基隆燈塔補遺

 

清海關總稅務司赫德在1867-01-31備忘錄中，將基隆列為燈標計畫之一；韓得善在1875年度海務總結報告中，提出需要基隆燈標，以便夜間進出基隆港入口，但未述明燈標等級；在1879年度海務總結報告中，建議安裝六等燈；淡水關署稅務司馬士（H. B. Morse）在1894年度海務報告中，報告基隆燈標裝置已到貨，待條件允許時即可進行安裝。惜後續乙未割讓，日方接管。日治期間，基隆燈塔五等燈於1900-04-01點燈。

貼圖取自【Report on Taiwan lights（1946）】。

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Note：

(*1) 清海關總稅務司赫德1867-01-31備忘錄，詳前作：海關總稅務司赫德1867備忘錄。

(*2) 筆者將海關各年度【Report on Lights, Buoys, and Beacon】稱為「海務報告」。

(*3) 日方接收紀錄包含基隆建設中燈台（財產價格）；永租燈樓地（位於二沙灣庄炮台腳半山內）。

貼圖取自【國立臺灣文獻館典藏號：00000052004】。

(*4) 清海關基隆燈標裝置移交日方，下落不明。

參考資料：

【Report on Lights, Buoys, and Beacon（1875）】

【Report on Lights, Buoys, and Beacon（1879）】

【Report on Lights, Buoys, and Beacon（1894）】

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Remark：

1. 2026/05/09初稿貼於Google Blogger。

2. 2026/05/23校正。

東莒島燈塔（東犬山燈塔）補遺

清海關總稅務司赫德在1867-01-31備忘錄中，將白犬列島（White Dogs）列為新設沿海燈標之一，目的在使船隻抵達白犬列島之後，易於發現閩江口，隨後即可進入福州羅星塔泊所（Pagoda anchorage）；海務稅務司福布斯在1870-08-01海江警船示預告東犬山（Middle Dog）將於1872-01點燈；韓得善設計，布賴森（Robert Bryson）負責現場工作，塔體石造，燈器為英國張氏兄弟公司（Chance Brothers）製造，東犬山燈塔頭等燈於1872-07-12點燈，1877年啟用霧砲。

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Note：

(*1) 清海關總稅務司赫德1867-01-31備忘錄，詳前作：海關總稅務司赫德1867備忘錄。

(*2) 海務稅務司福布斯1870-08-01海江警船示，詳前作：海關1870-08-01新燈預告。

(*3) 依據【The Engineer（1872-02-23）】，布賴森為東犬山燈塔駐地工程師；依據【North China Herald（1874-04-02）】，布賴森為東犬山、牛山島和東澎島燈塔駐地工程師（This (Lamocks) is the third Lighthouse that Mr. Bryson has personally superintended the construction of, the other two being the White Dogs and Turnabout）。

(*4) 依據【North China Herald（1871-12-28）】，泊所炸毀岩石的石塊，將被用於燈塔的建造（The erection of the White Dog Islands lighthouse is about being commenced. The stones formerly intended for the work in connection with the blowing up of the rock at the Anchorage, are to be taken to form part of the lighthouse material.）。另由舊報前後文可知福州泊所，當指羅星塔泊所。

(*5) 依據【North China Herald（1874-03-12）】，烏坵嶼燈塔（烏邱嶼燈塔）塔體為寧波石（The Tower is built entirely of Ningpo stone, and was put temporarily together at Ningpo and afterwards brought down to Foochow in five large junks, which again were towed from Foochow to Ockseu by Fei-Hoo.）。此為閒言先表。

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Remark：

1. 2026/05/07初稿貼於Google Blogger。

2.